Psycholinguistics

• Acculturation- The process of acquiring a “second culture,” usually as an effect of sustained and imbalanced contact between two societies. Members of the “weaker” society are compelled to adopt aspects of the dominant society.
• Code-switching- The practice of using more than one language to express a thought or an idea.
• Circumlocution- a style that involves indirect ways of expressing things
• Ethnocentrism- belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group, The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture
• Phonetic Spelling/ Invented Spelling- - spelling a word as it sounds (love = luv). Primary students often use phonetic spelling (sometimes called “temporary,” “invented,” or “creative” spelling) as they begin to construct an understanding of written language. (spelling the word “elephant” as “elafunt”)
• Semi phonetic Spelling- In this phase children show a developing understanding of sound-symbol relationships.
• Precommunicative Spelling- is used to describe writing that only conveys meaning for the child who wrote it.
• Redundancy reduction- when two languages come into contact within the same psycholinguistic environment, the speaker is forced to solve the duplication of rules and functions in two languages and simplify the cognitive overload”
• Overgeneralization- A language practice used by children as they are learning a language in which they apply a perceived rule or use of a word incorrectly. For example, a child may say "mans" instead of "men" to show the plural form of the word "man".
• Phonemic awareness- The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words
• L1 transfer- Many learners expect that because they collocate something a particular way in L1, it will translate directly (and correctly) into English.
• Fossilization
• Pidginization- A "pidgin" language is not the native language of any speech community, but is instead learned as a second language.[1][2] A "pidgin" language may be built from words, sounds, or body language from multiple other languages / cultures. "Pidgin" languages usually have low prestige with respect to other languages.[3]
• Reduced speech- in casual speech, words are shortened. (would and other modals)
• Information gap- A situation where all the information isn't known by all the students. They have to use language they have been taught to complete the information gap by asking questions and giving information.
• New students are often reluctant to participate and require more time to participate orally and interacting with other students.
• Semiotics- the study of sign processes (semiosis), or signification and communication, signs and symbols
• Semantics- is the study of meaning, usually in language.
• Morphology- the meanings or prefixes and suffixes, combinations of words to make new words and the inflection of nouns and verbs.
• the form and structure of words in a language, esp. the consistent patterns of inflection, combination, derivation and change, etc., that may be observed and classified.
• Inflection- the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case.
• Expose the class to others in the school who speak with an non-American English accent and hold a class about the value of diversity.


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