Purdue OWL
What are the differences among quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing?
These three ways of incorporating other writers' work into your own writing differ according to the closeness of your writing to the source writing.
Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author.
Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.
Why use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries?
Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries serve many purposes. You might use them to . . .
•Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing
•Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing
•Give examples of several points of view on a subject
•Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with
•Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original
•Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are not your own
•Expand the breadth or depth of your writing
Writers frequently intertwine summaries, paraphrases, and quotations. As part of a summary of an article, a chapter, or a book, a writer might include paraphrases of various key points blended with quotations of striking or suggestive phrases as in the following example:
In his famous and influential work On the Interpretation of Dreams, Sigmund Freud argues that dreams are the "royal road to the unconscious" (page #), expressing in coded imagery the dreamer's unfulfilled wishes through a process known as the "dream work" (page #). According to Freud, actual but unacceptable desires are censored internally and subjected to coding through layers of condensation and displacement before emerging in a kind of rebus puzzle in the dream itself (page #s).
How to use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries
Practice summarizing the following essay, using paraphrases and quotations as you go. It might be helpful to follow these steps:
•Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas.
•Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is.
•Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay.
•Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly.
There are several ways to integrate quotations into your text. Often, a short quotation works well when integrated into a sentence. Longer quotations can stand alone. Remember that quoting should be done only sparingly; be sure that you have a good reason to include a direct quotation when you decide to do so. You'll find guidelines for citing sources and punctuating citations at our documentation guide pages.
http://daniel-j-stone.blogspot.com (C) 2009-10
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Sunday, November 21, 2010
Saturday, November 20, 2010
Basic Fundamentals- Behavior equals values
Something that I saw off a video that I was watching back in Japan in 2005. The video was of my collection brought from the US of my former shacho (Japanese term meaning head of company). One of the things that he mentioned was "loosing his way".
With a move as drastic as mine was in 2007, it is understandable that I "lost my way" and spent most of 2008 in conflict with myself.
One of the things from the video that seems to hit home is the following:
1- Identify your values. Your values are the foundation for everything that you do.
2- Keep your behavior in line with your values. By doing this, you will have more success and happiness in all aspects of your life.
3- The further your behavior is away from your values equals more stress.
http://daniel-j-stone.blogspot.com (C) 2009-10
With a move as drastic as mine was in 2007, it is understandable that I "lost my way" and spent most of 2008 in conflict with myself.
One of the things from the video that seems to hit home is the following:
1- Identify your values. Your values are the foundation for everything that you do.
2- Keep your behavior in line with your values. By doing this, you will have more success and happiness in all aspects of your life.
3- The further your behavior is away from your values equals more stress.
http://daniel-j-stone.blogspot.com (C) 2009-10
Sunday, August 15, 2010
Teaching in Japan- A word about courtesy
Wednesday, November 01, 2006
Category: Travel and Places
As a 25-year-old sophomore chipping away at my undergraduate degree, I remember surfing the web at Grossmont College's library in San Diego and finding an informative website with a cynical twist to the teaching scene in Japan. This was back in 1998 and things then still hold true today. In particular, I find the part "A word about courtesy" to be a good way to go about things while living in Japan.
http://www.peterpayne.net/2003/03/so-you-want-to-teach-english-in-japan.html
A word about courtesy
I recently had a bad experience with the wife of a foreigner I knew, let's call her Valerie. She came to Japan with her husband, and asked me for advice on contracts in Japan. Now, in Japan, a contract is not viewed with the same strictness as it is in the U.S. In other words, even if you have a one-year contract with a company, you can still quit, and they can still fire you -- it's just the way it works here. I told her this, and unfortunately she took it a little too seriously. She signed one contract, then, finding a better job, told the first school she was not going to work there -- and incredibly, she told them that the reason was "because she'd gotten a better offer." (This caused myself and other "lifer" foreigners to groan, and mutter "fucking gaijin"). She then had to other contract-related problems with two other schools in close succession, quitting both jobs soon after starting them. She's now in Tokyo. Throughout all this, she was not wrong at all (to hear her tell it), and in fact, she was the victim of this thing or that which she didn't like about the schools (when you live in Japan long enough, you see that North Americans are somewhat quick to assume the role of victims -- this phenomenon is called higaisha mousou in Japanese, in case you want to know). Clearly, however, there were problems with her approach to and attitude about working in Japan.
Now, what this person did wrong was not breaking a contract, per se. What she did was cause meiwaku (inconvenience) to the Japanese people who put their trust in her, and this was very bad. She thought only of herself, and what she could "get" out of Japan, not what she could do for the schools or students she would be working with. One of the schools had even let their other teacher go to hire her, and was really put out. The view of all foreigners was hurt by this person, and we all felt embarrassed.
So my point is this: if there's a "golden rule" to living in Japan, it is that you should not inconvenience other people -- don't cause meiwaku. If you think that this idea makes sense to you, then please continue with your plans to live in Japan. If you have some kind of "Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, therefore I'm owed a good job by them" kind of attitude, please don't bother. Really.
http://daniel-j-stone.blogspot.com (C) 2009-10
Category: Travel and Places
As a 25-year-old sophomore chipping away at my undergraduate degree, I remember surfing the web at Grossmont College's library in San Diego and finding an informative website with a cynical twist to the teaching scene in Japan. This was back in 1998 and things then still hold true today. In particular, I find the part "A word about courtesy" to be a good way to go about things while living in Japan.
http://www.peterpayne.net/2003/03/so-you-want-to-teach-english-in-japan.html
A word about courtesy
I recently had a bad experience with the wife of a foreigner I knew, let's call her Valerie. She came to Japan with her husband, and asked me for advice on contracts in Japan. Now, in Japan, a contract is not viewed with the same strictness as it is in the U.S. In other words, even if you have a one-year contract with a company, you can still quit, and they can still fire you -- it's just the way it works here. I told her this, and unfortunately she took it a little too seriously. She signed one contract, then, finding a better job, told the first school she was not going to work there -- and incredibly, she told them that the reason was "because she'd gotten a better offer." (This caused myself and other "lifer" foreigners to groan, and mutter "fucking gaijin"). She then had to other contract-related problems with two other schools in close succession, quitting both jobs soon after starting them. She's now in Tokyo. Throughout all this, she was not wrong at all (to hear her tell it), and in fact, she was the victim of this thing or that which she didn't like about the schools (when you live in Japan long enough, you see that North Americans are somewhat quick to assume the role of victims -- this phenomenon is called higaisha mousou in Japanese, in case you want to know). Clearly, however, there were problems with her approach to and attitude about working in Japan.
Now, what this person did wrong was not breaking a contract, per se. What she did was cause meiwaku (inconvenience) to the Japanese people who put their trust in her, and this was very bad. She thought only of herself, and what she could "get" out of Japan, not what she could do for the schools or students she would be working with. One of the schools had even let their other teacher go to hire her, and was really put out. The view of all foreigners was hurt by this person, and we all felt embarrassed.
So my point is this: if there's a "golden rule" to living in Japan, it is that you should not inconvenience other people -- don't cause meiwaku. If you think that this idea makes sense to you, then please continue with your plans to live in Japan. If you have some kind of "Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, therefore I'm owed a good job by them" kind of attitude, please don't bother. Really.
http://daniel-j-stone.blogspot.com (C) 2009-10
Friday, July 16, 2010
Sunday, July 4, 2010
The Pacific Northwest- June 2010
Scenes from my travels in Seattle, WA and Victoria, BC.
Friday, June 25, 2010
Saturday, June 12, 2010
Multi-Culture in the Heartland
My name in Spanish, Korean, Arabic, Japanese, Chinese and English. This was the envelope to a farewell card received at ELS Clemson on June 11th, 2010.
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